Cream of tartar, also known as potassium bitartrate or potassium hydrogen tartrate, is a common baking ingredient often found in kitchens worldwide. While primarily used to stabilize egg whites, increase the volume of baked goods, and prevent sugar crystallization, questions often arise regarding its potential medicinal properties. This article dives deep into the scientific evidence and historical uses of cream of tartar to determine if it truly holds medicinal value.
Understanding Cream of Tartar: Composition and Uses
Cream of tartar is a byproduct of winemaking. It’s a naturally occurring acid that precipitates out of grape juice during fermentation. Once collected, it’s purified and ground into a fine, white powder. This powder is what we recognize as cream of tartar.
Its primary applications in the culinary world include:
- Stabilizing beaten egg whites, adding volume to meringues and soufflés.
- Preventing sugar from crystallizing when making candies and syrups.
- Acting as a leavening agent when combined with baking soda, forming baking powder.
- Enhancing the texture of baked goods, giving them a finer crumb.
Beyond the kitchen, cream of tartar has also found use in cleaning applications, particularly for removing stains from aluminum and other surfaces. However, the focus of this article is its potential health benefits.
Historical Claims and Traditional Uses
Throughout history, cream of tartar has been touted as a remedy for a variety of ailments. Anecdotal evidence suggests it was used traditionally as a:
- Laxative to relieve constipation.
- Diuretic to reduce water retention.
- Treatment for arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.
- Remedy for urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Detoxifying agent.
However, it’s crucial to differentiate between historical claims and scientifically validated evidence. Many traditional remedies lack rigorous scientific backing and should be approached with caution.
Scientific Evaluation of Potential Health Benefits
The purported health benefits of cream of tartar warrant a closer look, examining what scientific studies have to say about each claim.
Cream of Tartar as a Laxative
One of the most common traditional uses of cream of tartar is as a laxative. The high potassium content is thought to draw water into the intestines, softening stool and promoting bowel movements. While this mechanism is plausible, scientific evidence supporting cream of tartar as an effective and safe laxative is limited. Other, better-studied laxatives are generally recommended by healthcare professionals.
Diuretic Effects and Water Retention
Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance within the body. Some believe that cream of tartar, being a potassium salt, can act as a diuretic, helping to reduce water retention. However, there is no robust scientific evidence to support this claim specifically for cream of tartar. While potassium itself can influence fluid balance, other factors, such as sodium intake and kidney function, play a more significant role.
Cream of Tartar and Arthritis
The claim that cream of tartar can alleviate arthritis symptoms is largely based on anecdotal evidence. Some believe its anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce joint pain and swelling. However, there is no credible scientific research demonstrating that cream of tartar has any significant effect on arthritis. Proven arthritis treatments, such as medication and physical therapy, should be prioritized.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Some individuals have used cream of tartar in attempts to treat UTIs, believing it can alter urine pH and inhibit bacterial growth. However, there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. UTIs require appropriate medical treatment, typically involving antibiotics, prescribed by a healthcare professional. Self-treating a UTI with cream of tartar could lead to complications.
“Detoxifying” Properties: A Critical Look
The concept of “detoxification” is often misused and misunderstood. The human body has its own sophisticated detoxification systems, primarily involving the liver and kidneys. There is no scientific basis for the claim that cream of tartar can “detoxify” the body in any meaningful way. The idea that it can remove toxins or purify the blood is not supported by evidence.
Potassium Content and its Importance
While the direct medicinal benefits of cream of tartar are questionable, its potassium content is noteworthy. Potassium is an essential mineral involved in various bodily functions, including:
- Maintaining healthy blood pressure.
- Supporting muscle function.
- Regulating heart rhythm.
- Transmitting nerve signals.
However, it’s important to consider that the potassium content of cream of tartar is not exceptionally high compared to other potassium-rich foods, such as bananas, sweet potatoes, and spinach. Relying solely on cream of tartar to meet your potassium needs is not recommended.
| Food Source | Potassium Content (mg per serving) |
| —————— | ———————————— |
| Banana | 422 |
| Sweet Potato | 542 |
| Spinach | 558 |
| Cream of Tartar (1 tsp) | 17 |
As the table indicates, readily available and commonly consumed food provides much greater concentration of potassium.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
While cream of tartar is generally considered safe when used in small amounts for baking, consuming it in large quantities, especially for medicinal purposes, can pose risks.
- Electrolyte Imbalance: High potassium intake can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by abnormally high potassium levels in the blood. This can be dangerous, especially for individuals with kidney problems or those taking certain medications. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Ingesting large amounts of cream of tartar can cause gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Drug Interactions: Cream of tartar may interact with certain medications, such as diuretics and ACE inhibitors. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before using cream of tartar for medicinal purposes, especially if you are taking any medications.
- Allergic Reactions: Although rare, allergic reactions to cream of tartar are possible. Symptoms may include skin rash, itching, and swelling.
Conclusion: Is Cream of Tartar Medicinal?
Based on the available scientific evidence, cream of tartar does not possess significant medicinal properties. While it contains potassium, its potassium content is not high enough to justify its use as a primary source of this essential mineral. The historical claims of its benefits as a laxative, diuretic, arthritis treatment, or UTI remedy lack scientific backing.
Consuming large quantities of cream of tartar can be harmful and may lead to electrolyte imbalances and gastrointestinal issues.
It’s essential to rely on evidence-based medical treatments and consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns. While cream of tartar remains a valuable ingredient in the kitchen, its potential medicinal benefits are largely unsubstantiated. Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and other nutrient-dense foods to support your overall health and well-being. Remember, self-treating medical conditions with unproven remedies can be dangerous and may delay appropriate medical care.
What is cream of tartar and what is it typically used for?
Cream of tartar, scientifically known as potassium bitartrate, is a byproduct of winemaking. It’s a white, powdery substance that forms naturally during the fermentation process. The crystalline crust that develops inside wine barrels is harvested, purified, and then ground into a fine powder, becoming the cream of tartar we find in grocery stores.
Primarily, cream of tartar is a common ingredient in baking, acting as a stabilizer for egg whites, preventing sugar from crystallizing, and leavening baked goods. It contributes to the fluffy texture of meringues, soufflés, and angel food cakes. Additionally, it helps to maintain the vibrant color of boiled vegetables and can be used in homemade playdough recipes.
Is cream of tartar a laxative?
Anecdotal evidence suggests that cream of tartar may possess mild laxative properties for some individuals. This potential effect is attributed to its potassium content, which can draw water into the intestines, softening stool and promoting bowel movements. However, it is important to note that this is not a medically recognized or reliably consistent effect.
While some may experience a mild laxative effect from consuming cream of tartar, it should not be considered a reliable or safe treatment for constipation. Consuming large quantities could lead to electrolyte imbalances and other adverse health effects. If experiencing constipation, consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment options.
Does cream of tartar help with urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
There is a misconception that cream of tartar can help treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). This stems from the belief that it can alter urine pH and create an environment less conducive to bacterial growth. However, there is no scientific evidence to support this claim.
UTIs require proper medical treatment with antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional. Attempting to treat a UTI with home remedies like cream of tartar can delay necessary medical care and potentially lead to more severe complications such as kidney infections. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment of UTIs.
Can cream of tartar help with joint pain or arthritis?
Some people believe cream of tartar can alleviate joint pain or arthritis symptoms due to its potential anti-inflammatory properties and purported ability to remove uric acid from the body. Uric acid buildup can contribute to gout, a type of arthritis. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is lacking.
While potassium, found in cream of tartar, is essential for various bodily functions, there’s no credible research demonstrating that cream of tartar specifically reduces inflammation or uric acid levels enough to significantly impact joint pain or arthritis. Relying solely on cream of tartar for arthritis management can be detrimental, as it may delay seeking proper medical care and evidence-based treatments.
Is cream of tartar safe to consume?
In general, cream of tartar is considered safe for consumption in small amounts, typically those used in baking recipes. It’s been used in culinary applications for centuries without widespread reports of significant harm. However, moderation is key, as excessive intake can lead to adverse effects.
Large doses of cream of tartar can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in the blood), which can be dangerous, especially for individuals with kidney problems or those taking certain medications. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and nausea. If you have concerns about consuming cream of tartar, consult your doctor.
Are there any side effects associated with consuming cream of tartar?
While generally safe in small amounts, consuming excessive amounts of cream of tartar can lead to some potential side effects. These side effects are primarily related to its potassium content and its potential to act as a mild laxative.
Potential side effects include diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyperkalemia. Individuals with kidney disease or those taking medications that affect potassium levels should be particularly cautious. It’s always best to use cream of tartar sparingly and be mindful of any adverse reactions.
Can I use cream of tartar as a substitute for other ingredients in baking?
Cream of tartar is not a versatile substitute for other baking ingredients. Its unique properties, such as stabilizing egg whites and preventing sugar crystallization, are not easily replicated by other common ingredients. While it can be omitted in some recipes without drastically altering the outcome, it’s generally best to follow the recipe’s instructions.
For specific functions, there might be potential alternatives. For example, lemon juice or vinegar can sometimes be used in place of cream of tartar to stabilize egg whites, although they may impart a slight flavor. However, for its role in leavening or preventing sugar crystallization, finding a direct substitute can be challenging, and the results may not be the same.